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Mental health professional
A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or community services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental illness. This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving from state hospitals, to prevent admissions, and to provide support in homes, jobs, education and community. These individuals (i.e., state office personnel, private sector personnel, and non-profit, now voluntary sector personnel) were the forefront brigade to develop the community programs, which today may be referred to by names such as supported housing, psychiatric rehabilitation, supported or transitional employment, sheltered workshops, supported education, daily living skills, affirmative industries, dual diagnosis treatment, individual and family psychoeducation, adult day care, foster care, family services and mental health counseling.
The category seldom includes psychiatrists (DO or MD) who remained institutional based and guarded the admissions procedures at institutionalization (both private and state specialty hospitals). However, in 2013, psychiatrists also are working in clinical fields with clinical psychologist including in sociobehavioral, neurological, person-centered and clinical approaches (often office-based), and studies of the "brain disease" (which came from the community fields and community management and are taught at the MA to PhD level in education). For example, Nat Raskin (at Northwestern University Medical School) who worked with the illustrious Carl Rogers, published on person-centered approaches and therapy in 2004.〔Raskin, N. (2004). "Client-Centered Therapy and Person-Centered Approaches". UK: PCCD Books.〕 The term counselors often refers to office-based professionals who offer therapy sessions to their clients, operated by organizations such as pastoral counseling (which may or may not work with long term services clients) and family counselors. Mental health counselors may refer to counselors working in residential services in the field of mental health in community programs.
==As Community Professionals==
As Dr. William Anthony, father of psychiatric rehabilitation, described, psychiatric nurses (RNMH, RMN, CPN), clinical psychologists (PsyD or PhD), clinical social workers (MSW or MSSW), mental health counselors (MA or MS), professional counselors, pharmacists, as well as many other professionals are often educated in "psychiatric fields" or conversely, educated in a generic community approach (e.g., human services programs, or health and human services in 2013). However, his primary concern is education that leads to a willingness to work with "long-term services and supports" community support〔Anthony, W. & Blanch, A. (1994). Research on community support services: What have we learned? "Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal", 12(3): 55-81.〕〔Anthony, W., Cohen, M., Farkas, M. & Gagne, C. (2002). "Psychiatric Rehabilitation". Boston, MA: Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Sargent College of Medicine and Rehabilitative Services, Boston University.〕 in the community to lead to better life quality for the individual, the families and the community.
The community support framework in the US of the 1970s 〔Carling, P. (1995). "Return to the Community: Building Support Systems for People with Psychiatric Disabilities". NY, NY: Guilford Press.〕〔Jacobsen, J., Burchard, S. & Carling, P. (1990). "Clinical Services, Social Adjustment and Worklife in Community Living". Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes.〕〔Racino, J. (1999). Role of family case study research in family policy: Local agency delivery systems. "Policy, Program Evaluation and Research in Disability: Community Support for All." Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press.〕 is taken-for-granted as the base for new treatment developments (e.g., eating disorders, drug addiction programs) which tend to be free standing clinics for specific "disorders". Typically, the term "mental health professional" does not refer to other categorical disability areas, such as intellectual and developmental disability (which trains its own professionals and maintains its own journals, and US state systems and institutions). Psychiatric rehabilitation has also been reintroduced into the transfer to behavioral health care systems.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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